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학위논문 동서

舊韓末 陸軍武官學校 硏究

임재찬

부산 : 東亞大學校 1989.

283p ; 26cm.

학위논문(박사) : 東亞大學校 大學院 : 사학과, 1990.2.

영문초록 : In order to examine closely the real aspects of the military academy in the late period of Yi dynasty, I placed the main focuses on five parts. The military academy contiunde to exist for 13years, being established in the beginning year of G?nyang(1896) and abolished in the third year of Ky?nghi(1909). Characteristics in the military systematic history during this period can be categorized into ; modernization of military system, influence of foreign country's military system, military professional system, and the others. As for the modernization of military system, complete renovation into modernized on from Chos?n's tradion can be indicated in organization, branches, administration, commanding authority, justice, rank, and terms. This modernization of military system was possible by receiving foreign country's one. The modernization, however, lacked consistency because it was carried out not by the intention and plan of the government but by the intervention and pressure of the foreign countries. From Kaehang through before 1896, it was influenced by Japan and Ch'ing, and for effective solution were to establish Tongligimun, to dispatch Yongsonsahand and Sinsayuramdan, and etc. Significant changes in military polich appeared with the inaugration of Tongligimuamun such as organizing the modern troops By?lgigun and overall reorganization of the central army Jungangkun. Establishing By?lgigun was desirable in terms of modernization of the military. It became, however, one of the causes which arised internal conflict and disruption in the military. Priviledge consciousness of By?lgigun, superior's partial love, and the government's excessively hospitable treatment for them caused discordance between the traditional army and them. In Novemvber, 1881, King Kojong integrated the old five command system Okuny?ng into the two command system Yangy?ngje which consisted of Muwiy?ng and Jang?y?ng. This reorganization of central army Jungangkun improved the quality of the soldiers and established firm command system. Imogunlan (army revolt in the year of Imo), however, made the organization of By?logigun and the above reorganization of command system imitating Japanese military system hush without any comsiderable results. Imogunlan resulted from the political corruption and the financial difficulty of Chos?n kingdom, but it also implied reactionary conservatism to the reformation policy at the bottom. Daew?ngun was restored to reign and reverted all the reformed military system taken during his retired period into the original state. But the intervention of Chinese army (Ch'ing dynasty) under the contral of General Oh Jangky?ng checked Daew?ngun's military policy and thereafter, the military policy of Chos?n had to be under the influence of the Ch'ing army. According to the arrangement inbetween King Kojong and Wien Sege after the occupation of Ch'ing army, Chos?n's military system was transformed to the Guard model Guards Four Command System' from the dual system where Chos?n's old system and Japanese one had coexisted after kaehang. Then Kapogaehy?k (reformation in the year of Kapo) gave the new moment to the efforts of reinforcing the army. After the Ch'ing-Japanese War, it was urgently required for Chos?n to bring up the well trained forces based on the modernization of military system in order to reject the more plainly spoken intervention in domestic affairs by Japan and Russia and to pursue independent reformation. For this, Chos?n government established a single control system over the military administration and command by placing all organized troops under the command of the military function, and enhanced the quality and quantity of the central and local army by changing old Y?ngchogunje (area commend sustem) into Dandaehoje (unit command system). Imogunlan and Kapsinj?ngby? (revolution in the year of Kapsin) resulted in political inferiority of Japan in Chos?n. When the victory of Japan in the Ch'ing-Japanese War became clear, Japan organized the Training Center imitating its military system by picking up the competent men from the Ch'ing model 'Guards-Four Commands' in order to take initiative in Chos?n. The Training Center which was the first of modern military organization was the pro-Japanese crack forces in the military. Chos?n government also established the Training Guard Officer's Training Center to bring up the line officers required to the pro-Japanese Training Center under the pressure of Japan. It is believed that the reason Japan had much concern in educating the cadet was to facilitate the military control over Chos?n by training and educating the cadet directly who would be line officers. Disorganization of the Training Center which had been used as a political instrument by pro-Japanese party as atheletic teachers meeting the requirement of the schools. Especially, during the Jongmi volunteer's revolution caused from the compulsory abdication of King Kojong and disorganization of the armed forces in 1907, disorganized officers voluntarily fought against Japan as the leader of the volunteers.

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