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학위논문 동서

1830년대 맨체스터 노동자계급의 주거환경과 위생상태

남미전

부산: 동아대학교 1993. -

62p: 삽도; 27cm. -

학위논문(석사)- 동아대학교 대학원 사학과 전공 `94년2월

영문초록 : This study aimed at examining the condition of living of the working class through the dwelling circumstance and sanitary condition of the working class of Manchester in 1830's. In 1830's the dwelling circumstance and sanitary condition of the working class of Manchester were extremely poor. First, workers' dwelling was situated in factory zone and the exterior housing of the working class was coarse structured with ill appearance. Besides, the interior the housing was seldom furnished. The housing of the working class was densely constructed in small space because of the capitalist's selfish, who was its owner. There was average six or seven filthy bed per a room in Lodging Houses, Common Lodging Houses. Cellars which were principal dwelling of the working class. Often more than one family lived in a filthy housing in the viviated atmosphere. There was so few privies that they was either filled up every day or was too far away for those who need to use working class. In general the housing was unwhitewashed, filthy, damp and ill -ventilated. The worst housing in the housing of the working class was cellar. Second, the fundamentally facilities condition for life around housing was not great difference of the condition of housing. Water of supply was from the street wells, and also from a burn which runs close to the town but resident feel inconvenience, as well as discomfort to them to have to fetch water at a distance out of doors from the pump or the river on every occasion that it may be wanted, whether it may be in cold, in rain, in snow. Not only water for cleaning of housing and street but also water for personal sanitary and drinking water was insufficient. Drains and sewers of the unpaved street did not acted, or only acted in spreading the surface of the matter from cess-pools. Pestilential gas was filled ill-ventilated in narrow street. Third, the filthy state of the street and the housing of the working class powerfully affected the health of their resident. Comparing death rate of workers' dwelling with death rate of middle-upper classes' length of life in Rutlandshire which was rural of fresh air was thirty-eight and the other hand the average length of life in Manchester was seventeen. Besides, the infant mortality of workers' family was quite highed. 57 per cent of the workers' children dead before attaining their fifth birthday. Disease of various kinds were frequently occurred in workers' dwelling accoring to filthy housing circumstance. Forth, the sanitary policy of the government for improvement of workers' dwelling was temporary and ineffective. When cholera was broken public opinion for the sanitary problem of workers' dwelling was formed. However sanitary policy which coincided with capitalist's interests. Moreover, activity of Local Board of health in charge of local sanitary policy was immaterial and so the improvement problem of the dwelling circumstance which was the root of disease was useless. Sanitary bill to improve dwelling circumstance was enact in the mid-nineteenth century but its real effect have an effect in the twentieth century. This poor condition of living of the working class was operated as the starting point of labor movement.

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