Crotonoideae is a subfamily of Euphorbiaceae, a plant family that is characterized by the presence of laticifers and pollen grains with Croton pattern exine. We analysed 48 species of Crotonoideae from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests within Caatinga vegetation aiming to contribute to the pollen morphology of this subfamily, focusing on endemics to these forests. Pollen samples were obtained from specimens of the herbarium. Pollen grains were acetolyzed, measured, photographed and described using light and scanning electron microscopy methods. Three pollen types and seven subtypes were recognized based on aperture type, polarity, shape, size and details of the exine sculpture. The exine ornamentation and the type and number of apertures are the most important characteristics for recognizing genera in Crotonoideae. Inaperturate pollen grains with surface pila plicate were observed in representatives of Croton and Jatropha; 4–8 pantoporate pollen grains and a 3-colpate one with psilate pila were observed in Cnidoscolus, and 10–22 pantoporate pollen grains with rugulate pila were observed in Manihot. Due to the high diversity of Crotonoideae pollen morphology, we highlighted its eurypalynous properties, in addition to its taxonomic relevance, for the identification of groups.