ABSTRACT:: The corpus callosum facilitates communication between the cerebral hemispheres. Morphological abnormalities of the corpus callosum have been identified in numerous psychiatric and neurological disorders. To quantitatively analyze the thickness profile of the corpus callosum, we adapted an automatic thickness measurement method, which was originally used on magnetic resonance (MR) images of the cerebral cortex (]: NeuroImage 40:1701–10; ]: Hum Brain Mapp 11:12–32; ]: NeuroImage 16:1103–9; ]: IEEE Trans Med Imaging 22:1332–9), to MR images of the corpus callosum. The thickness model was derived by computing a solution to Laplaceʼs equation evaluated on callosal voxels. The streamlines from this solution form non-overlapping, cross-sectional contours the lengths of which are modeled as the callosal thickness. Apart from the semi-automated segmentation and endpoint selection procedures, the method is fully automated, robust, and reproducible. We compared the Laplace method with the orthogonal projection technique previously published (]: Psych Res Neuroimaging 173:77–82; ]: Br J Psychiatry 192:429–34; ]: Schizophr Res 103:1–10) on a cohort of 296 subjects, composed of 86 patients with chronic schizophrenia (CSZ), 110 individuals with first-episode psychosis, 100 individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR; 27 of whom later developed psychosis, UHR-P, and 73 who did not, UHR-NP), and 55 control subjects (CTL). We report similar patterns of statistically significant differences in regional callosal thickness with respect to the comparisons CSZ vs. CTL, UHR vs. CTL, UHR-P vs. UHR-NP, and UHR vs. CTL. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.