随着“戏精”、“杠精”、“猪精”等词汇的流行, 网络上逐渐形成了“X精”族词汇。其中“精”的语义呈现了虚化的趋势, 位置基本固定, 并且“X精”词族呈名词性性质, 可以看出“精”开始表现出类词缀的特点。 本文选定“精”为研究对象, 运用文字学和词汇学的知识, 对其类词缀化的现象进行研究。首先探究了“精”的语源语义, 通过辞书对“精”的释义, 梳理了“X精”中“精”的语义变化路径, 然后结合类词缀的判定标准从意义规则、结构规则和功能规则三个方面对“精”做出类词缀化倾向的分析。发现“精”的语义从原来的“完美、最好”虚化为“具有某种特质并且程度极深的人”;在构词时, “精”位于后置的位置且固定, 具有一定的黏着性, 即与词根分开时, 则失去虚化意义;在功能规则方面, “精”具有很强的构词能力, 并具有标注词性的能力。本文在网络中共收集到了70个“X精”族词汇, 对收集的“X精”族词汇从语音特征和语法特征两个方面进行整理和分析, 其中除了两个非汉语成分以外, 单音节的有14个, 约占总数的20%, 双音节的有54个, 约占总数的77.1%。从“X”的语法成分上看, “X”为名词性成分的有37个, 约占总数的52.9%, 为动词性成分的有20个, 约占总数的28.6%, 为形容词性成分的有11个, 约占总数的15.7%。在本文的最后探寻了“X精”词族产生的语言内部原因及语言外部原因, 从而完成对“X精”中“精”的类词缀化的分析。
With the popularity of such vocabulary as “master of drama”, “master of devil's advocate” and “fatty master of drama”, the “X-master” family vocabulary has gradually formed on the Internet. Among them, the semantics of “master” tends to be in vain and its position is basically regular. In addition, the “X-master” words family tends to be nominal. It can be seen that “master” begins to show the tendency of quasi-affix. In this paper, the “master” is chosen as the research object and the knowledge of philology and lexicology is used to study its quasi-affix phenomenon. Firstly, the etymological semantics of “master” is explored. Through the definition of “master” in dictionaries, the semantic change path of “master” in “X-master” is sorted out. Then, the affix-like tendency of “master” is analyzed from three aspects, meaning rule, structure rule and function rule. It is found that the semantics of “master” has changed from “perfect, best” people to be “people with certain characteristics and deep-learning”. In word-formation, “master” is located in the posterior position and fixed and has certain cohesion, that is, when separated from the root, it loses its grammaticalization meaning. In terms of functional rules, “master” has a strong ability of word-formation and tagging. In this paper, a total of 70 “X-master” vocabulary are collected in the network and the “X-master” vocabulary being collected is sorted out and analyzed from two aspects, phonetic and grammatical features. In addition to two non-Chinese components, there are 14 monosyllables, accounting for about 20% of the total and there are 54 disyllables, accounting for 77.1% of the total. From the grammatical component of “X”, there are 37 nominal components, accounting for about 52.9% of the total and there are 20 verbal components, accounting for about 28.6% of the total and 11 adjective components, accounting for about 15.7% of the total. At the end of this paper, the internal and external causes of the emergence of the “X-master” family vocabulary are explored, thus the analysis of the affix-like tendency of “master” in “X-master” is accomplished.