아파트는 주택이라는 단순한 건물이 아닌 환경시스템으로 아파트 공용공간은 단위주택에서의 주거생활을 위한 배경적 공간이 아닌 거주자들이 공동으로 사용․관리하고 교류하는 적극적 생활공간이다. 이에 본 연구는 생활공간으로서 아파트 공용공간의 역할 및 기능에 주목하여 포괄적 측면에서 아파트 공용공간의 성능 평가 방안을 제안하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 선행연구 고찰을 통해 공용공간의 성능 개념을 구체화하였으며, 관련 제도 및 선행연구 결과를 종합‧정리하여 평가항목 및 척도를 설정하고 평가도구를 구성하였다. 그리고 이를 바탕으로 전문가 설문조사를 통해 평가항목에 대한 가중치를 산출하여 항목간의 중요도를 반영한 보다 실질적인 평가방안을 제안하고자 하였으며, 거주자 설문조사를 통해 이를 검증․보완하였다. 이는 국내 아파트 공용공간을 이해하기 위한 개념적 틀로서 의의를 가지며, 생활공간적 측면에서 아파트 공용공간의 의미를 재발견하고, 체계적 평가방안을 마련함으로서 주거환경의 질 향상을 위한 과제 및 방향 모색의 의의를 갖는다.
An apartment should be developed not as a cluster of buildings, but as an environmental system, where the residents share common spaces, collectively used and managed them, and rebuild their community. This study focuses on the roles and functions of shared space of apartment as daily life space, and aims at developing evaluation methods of shared spaceperformance from comprehensive perspectives. This study will serve as a framework to understand shared space of Korean apartments, to re-discover meanings of the shared space as daily life space.The study is mainly based on literary review and survey research. (1)The concept development stage was designed to cover previous studies and materials about shared space of apartment to define concept, scope and performance of shared space.(2) The evaluation item development stage was designed to compare and analyze evaluation items and indicators suggested by relevant institutions and previous studies to establish performance evaluation indicators and specific evaluation items.(3) The evaluation criteria development stage was designed to establish evaluation criteria, including specific indicators and methodologies, based on the previously-developed items.(4) The weight development stage for each evaluation item was designed to verify and determine the significant of each evaluation item. In this stage, a survey was conducted among architects and researchers using AHP to calculate the weights. By comprehensively considering the result, practical evaluation methods were proposed.(5) The final stage was designed to verify and supplement indicators. To this end, subject apartments(Apartment K, Apartment Y) were selected according to their complex size and building years and analyzed on the composition and utilization of the shared space by on-site inspection; and a resident survey about the performance of shared space was conducted to verify the applicability of the evaluation methods and identify relationships between their use and awareness of shared space.Results of this study are as below.First, shared space performance of apartment was defined by physical-environmental, living-functional and socio-behavioral dimensions, and the dimensions were established as criteria for evaluation.Second, items applicable to shared space of apartment were identified by comparing and analyzing specific items of relevant institutions and indicators, and classified into three evaluation dimensions. Within a dimension, similar concepts were grouped together to form a hierarchical frame consisting of attributes and sub-attributes. The final evaluationmethods were comprised of 38 evaluation items, including 3 dimensions, 8 attributes and 15 sub-attributes.Third, to calculate weights, a survey by an AHP-based questionnaires was conducted among architects and researchers. The survey found that the living-functional dimension was perceived the most important among evaluation dimensions; comfort (physical-environmental), safety (living-functional) and neighborhood (socio-behavioral) among evaluationattributes; and conservation of apartment complex environment (comfort), openness by landscape (landscape), human traffic flow (accessibility), prevention of crimes and natural disasters (safety), amenities (convenience), community facilities and programs (neighborhood) and settlement consciousness (friendliness) among evaluation sub-attributes.Fourth, the examination of residents' usage and awareness of share space found that residents were satisfied with shared space, particularly with outdoor shared space, at or above moderate levels. Shared space located within their apartment building is most frequently used, followed by outdoor shared space. Activities done in the shred space are mostlywalking, rest, exercise and other health-related activities, demonstrating that such activities should be considered when designing shared space and relevant facilities of apartment.Fifth, in the verification of the performance evaluation method of share space, residents gave moderate or higher scores on average, and Apartment K scored higher the Y.In the evaluation of each dimension, the living-functional dimension that experts gave the highest weight scored the lowest. This is attributable to the fact that the safety factor scored the lowest despite its heaviest weight. In the physical-environmental dimension, the comfort factor scored the highest, resulting in the overall high score of the dimension. The social-behavioral dimension delivered similarly high scores regarding neighborhood and friendliness. When comparing to residents' satisfaction, weighted results of the evaluation method were similar to the satisfaction levels, confirming effectiveness of the method.This study was designed to suggesting an evaluation method of shared space performance of apartments. For the living-functional dimension, it specified the concepts of share space performance and defined roles and functions of shared space of domestic apartments. By conducting an expert survey, weights on each evaluation item were identified to demonstraterelative importance among different performance factors. Then, by residents' evaluation, the established evaluation method was verified and modified, and accordingly a comprehensive and practical evaluation method was proposed. This study examined two apartment complexes of similar conditions, like location, building years and complex design. It is expected that future studies cover broader subjects to further develop application and usage of the evaluation method.