Due to the recent drought in Jeonnam, rural and domestic water shortages have become a serious problem. In Jeollanam-do, where agricultural production is relatively high, rural water supply is one of the important factors, and in the case of island areas, the supply of domestic water is interrupted during drought, so a solution is urgently needed. In this study, we reviewed the status of seawater desalination facilities as a way to secure rural and domestic water in Jeollanam-do and neighboring island areas. We tried to propose a solution to the drought phenomenon of Dongbok Dam in Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, which has been emerging recently, and the problem of water outages in island areas during drought. Seawater desalination facilities are a solution for agricultural and domestic water supply in remote areas. Jeollanam-do has a large number of island areas, and more than 60 % of seawater desalination facilities in Korea are located in Jeollanam-do. However, there are problems with the management of desalination facilities due to the aging of the population and the decrease in the population of the island areas, and it is judged that a detailed policy review by the government and local governments is necessary.