China has a long history over 5,000 years and its speech sounds, grammar, vocabulary have gradually developed. Reading 唐詩 in modern Chinese, we may find 押韻 not correspond with 平仄, which represents pronunciation of that period was different than it is today. When reading the book of songs, it is hard to find rhymes, which indicates the huge difference in speech sounds as the book of songs was written far back in the past. Considering the sentence “學而時 習之 不亦說乎” in 論語, if we don’t know that ‘說’ is used as the same meaning as ‘悅’, we may misinterpreted the meaning and read it as ‘sul’ or ‘sae’. In three components of the language which are speech sounds, grammar, vocabulary, phoneme is the most systematic and limited so that we can easily grasp the whole meaning of language. Scholars who study Archaic Chinese mainly examine two things. Frist is the rhyme in the book of songs and the second is Xiesheng characters. This study discovers the concepts of Archaic Chinese and analyze the composition of speech sounds.