A risk assessment index system for the transportation of dangerous goods in inland waterways has been constructed, and the selection of assessment indicators has been optimized. In addition to the natural environmental factors, the traffic environment factors such as ship flow and bridges have been added to the environmental factors. The traditional analytic hierarchy-fuzzy analysis method has been improved. The entropy weight method is selected to simplify the calculation process of the secondary index weight coefficient, and the expert weight coefficient is added to reduce the influence of the subjectivity and uncertainty of the expert on the evaluation result, which improves the accuracy and credibility of the final evaluation results.