In order to investigate the overload characteristics of different connection structures within the internal systems of missile fuze systems during the penetration of multi-layered hard targets, this study employs finite element models of two types of connection structures (compression screw and body screw) in penetrating three layers of concrete target plates. Numerical simulations are conducted to calculate the cor-responding penetration processes with different target plate thicknesses, and the time-domain characteristics of the penetration process signals are analyzed using peak amplification factors and vibration coefficients. The simulation results show that, during the penetration process, the average amplification factors of the two types of connection structure sensors exhibit a trend of initially decreasing and then increasing as the target thickness increases. Furthermore, under the same operating conditions, the body screw connection structure sensor demonstrates a 21.92% higher amplification capability for the peak acceleration of the missile, providing valuable insights for the design of penetrating fuzes.