This paper introduces the basic concept of maneuvering target tracking by improving the tracking algorithm of the UAV maneuvering target. Finally, we simulate several typical UAV maneuvering models and analyze and compare the performance of each algorithm and the influence of parameter changes on the algorithm. Experiments show that the Kalman filter algorithm can filter linear systems and nonlinear systems after improvement. The filter precision, computational complexity, and storage capacity are considered, which is easy to meet the requirements of real-time calculation and has great engineering practical value.