AIM: To analyze the differences of retinal structure, visual evoked potential and visual function in different types of amblyopia children.METHODS: One hundred and twenty children with 136 eyes with moderate amblyopia treated in our hospital from May 2014 to May 2018 were enrolled as the observation group(31 cases with 31 eyes of anisometropy, 35 cases with 70 eyes of refractive ametropia, and 26 cases with 35 eyes of strabismus); meanwhile, 29 children with 58 eyes with normal vision in the eye examination from our hospital were selected as the control group. Optical coherence tomography(OCT)imager was used to detect the foveal thickness of the macula, the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)around the optic disc and the quadrants, and the changes in retinal function were detected using visual electroencephalography. The P100 amplitude and latency of visual evoked potentials were observed and stereoscopic inspection being performed. RESULTS: The thickness of macular fovea, the thickness of the optic disc and the RNFL in the quadrants of children with anisometropy and ametropia were significantly higher than those in the control group and children with strabismic amblyopia(PPPPCONCLUSION: Retinal structure of patients with ametropic amblyopia and ametropic amblyopia has obvious abnormalities, and the P100 wave latency is delayed; strabismic amblyopia has the largest effect on stereoscopic function, while refractive amblyopia has the least effect.