We investigate the dynamics of a first-order quark-hadron transition via homogeneous thermal nucleation in the Polyakov quark-meson model for the two-quark flavor case. The contribution of fermionic vacuum loop in pressure and phase diagram together with the location of critical end point (CEP) have been obtained in the temperature and chemical potential plane. We develop an alternative geometric approach to search the minima of effective potential, which can be tunnelled through a bounce interpolated between a higher metastable vacuum to an adjacent lower energy vacuum. By separating our discussions into a weak and strong first-order hadron quark phase transition, the bubble profiles, the surface tension, the typical radius of the bounce and the saddle point action in the presence of a nucleation bubble as a function of temperature are calculated in detail when fixing chemical potentials at $\mu=306 \mathrm{MeV}$ and $\mu=310 \mathrm{MeV}$. our results show that the surface tension remains a small value even when the chemical potential is very high and phase boundary for a hadron phase or a quark phase should be resized according to the saddle point action at finite temperature. Compared with previous results based on the quark meson model, it is shown that the inclusion of the deconfinement phase transition in term of the Polyakov loop does not change chiral phase transition dramatically for light quarks.
Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures