Additional file 1: Fig. S1. a GFP fluorescence localization on the 293T cell membrane. b Detection of S protein expression in 293T cells by Western blot analysis. c Detection of ACE2 protein expression in 293T cells by Western blot analysis. Fig. S2. The IC50 of CR3022-293T NVs, B38-293T NVs and CR3022/B38-293T NVs was detected by measuring the luciferase expression levels in 293T-ACE2 cells. Fig. S3. The zeta-potential of nanovesicles or nanovesicles loaded with remdesivir were measured using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZSP (n= 3, error bar, mean��s.d). Fig. S4. Storage stability of nanovesicles or nanovesicles loaded with remdesivir at ��� 80 ��C. The average size of nanovesicles loaded with remdesivir did not change within 28 days at ��� 80 ��C (n= 3, error bar, mean��s.d). Fig. S5. The stability of nanovesicles in PBS buffer and PBS buffer with 20% of fetal bovine serum (FBS) were measured using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZSP (n=3, error bar, mean��s.d). Fig. S6. Quantitative analysis of cell survival rate by Calcein AM/PI staining (n=3, error bar, mean��s.d). ***P