This research was presented to obtain the first insight into the pollution profile, potential sources, and human health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in indoor dusts taken from Istanbul and Kocaeli, Türkiye. ΣPAH concentrations in dusts from Istanbul varied between 73.64 ng/g d.w. (IST-3) and 434.3 ng/g d.w. (IST-2), whereas PAH concentrations changed between 4573 ng/g d.w. (KOC-2) and 12,311 ng/g d.w. (KOC-1) in Kocaeli which is at least 10.5 times higher than the measured PAH value in IST-2 which has the highest value in Istanbul. IST-1, IST-2, and IST-4 indoor dusts are weakly polluted in terms of PAH contamination, while the other two dusts (IST-3 and IST-5) in Istanbul are not polluted. In Kocaeli, however, they are heavily polluted because the ΣPAH concentrations in the dusts are much higher than 1000 ng/g. Pyrene, Fluoranthene, Phenanthrene, and Naphthalene were the dominant PAHs in all indoor dusts. The predominant OCPs found in all indoor dusts were DDE p,p, HCH alpha, and HCH beta, respectively. The source identification through diagnostic ratios demonstrated that PAHs arise from more than one source and they originated almost equally from petrogenic and pyrogenic sources due to the high traffic density from highways near the sampling points and the existence of many industrial activity areas. All HQ, HI, and TLCR values demonstrated that there is no risk of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic hazards for children and adults in case of ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact with indoor dusts containing related POPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]