There are several "pain protocols" for EMDR, which may target general trauma memories, the specific accident/injury experienced, or even pain-related sensations and emotions, while the patient engages in bilateral stimulation-usually eye movements, but possibly taps or tones.[83] As detailed in several reviews,[87] there are numerous case reports and uncontrolled case series often reporting substantial pain reduction or elimination. Importantly, these treatments of comorbid trauma/CP emphasize the potential reversibility of both trauma symptoms and pain, and they may reduce pain more than PTSD-focused treatments do. The treatment studies of comorbid PTSD/CP described above were PTSD-centric; that is, they recruited patients with PTSD, used PTSD-focused treatments, and examined PTSD symptoms as the primary outcome. [Extracted from the article]