Part of a special issue on building HIV prevention capacity through community collaborative research. A study examined the challenges and facilitators to building HIV program evaluation capacity among community-based organizations (CBOs). Data were gathered from 21 CBOs, 12 funders, and 11 technical assistance providers. The results revealed themes related to facilitators and barriers to conducting evaluation, methods of evaluation used by CBOs, and ways of increasing capacity of CBOs to undertake evaluations. Implications of the results are presented.