Here, hydroxyapatite from rohu fish scales was combined with the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 to create a nanocomposite for improved Rose Bengal adsorption from aqueous solutions. The nanocomposite was fabricated using a simple co-precipitation technique, and its morphological properties, crystallite structure, specific surface area, chemical compositions, and chemical environment were studied using various characterization techniques. The surface area analysis verified the average pore diameter and total pore volume of HAp@ZIF-8 to be 3.938 nm and 0.047 cm3 g−1, respectively. The efficiency of HAp@ZIF-8 for adsorbing hazardous RB dye was assessed using research that used the established response surface methodology. The effects of pH, dosage, initial concentration, and temperature on dye removal were investigated during a continuous contact time of 30 min. RSM calculated the highest removal efficiency to be 70.68% under the ideal reaction conditions of pH 3, 20 mg of adsorbent, 20 ppm of dye, and 293 K. The data was experimentally confirmed, and an adsorption efficiency of 70.66 ± 1.28% was discovered. According to the kinetics and isotherm analysis, the adsorption process adhered to the Langmuir isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity of 208.4 mg g−1 and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.01671 L mol−1 min−1. This technique is low-cost and ideal for large-scale applications because of the adsorbent and adsorbate’s recovery and reuse functionality and their stability in varied water matrices. As a result, in the near future, the produced HAp@ZIF-8 nanocomposite might be an effective adsorbent for extracting organic pollutants from wastewater.