Background:Tubal diseases are the cause of female sterility in 20–30% of cases. In almost 80% of these cases, tubal occlusion with confirmed hydrosalpinx is the indication for assisted reproduction. Therefore, the management and therapy of hydrosalpinx and possible effects on overall prognosis of fertility is crucial.Objectives:The importance and management of hydrosalpinx in patients with infertility are summarized.Materials and methods:Selective narrative literature survey with assessment of current data, including reviews and expert opinions concerning the importance and management of hydrosalpinx for child planning.Results:Because of superior pregnancy, implantation and live birth rates, the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, the Cochrane Database and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines recommend laparoscopic salpingectomy in patients with hydrosalpinx prior to assisted reproduction techniques (ART). The Cochrane Database considers laparoscopic tubal occlusion as an equal procedure. It is assumed that unilateral salpingectomy does not generate a negative effect on ovarian reserve and stimulation when performing ART.Conclusions:In this context, there are no clear recommendations available for tubal pathologies such as a slight dilatation, previous tubal abortion or a negative tubal patency test without hydrosalpinx. Further studies concerning the safety of bilateral salpingectomy on ovarian reserve are needed.