This study investigated the friction and wear performance and the subsurface microstructure characteristics of 2205 duplex stainless steel under different environmental conditions through heat treatment at various solid solution temperatures. Detailed wear morphology and subsurface microstructure analyses were conducted using SEM, EDS, and EBSD techniques. The findings demonstrate that, under dry sliding conditions, a positive correlation exists between wear volume and solid solution temperature. Minimum wear at 1000 °C and best wear resistance. Optimal solid solution temperatures for achieving the minimum wear volumes in a 3.5 pct NaCl solution and deionized water were determined to be 1000 °C and 1160 °C, respectively. Under dry friction conditions, the subsurface microstructure of the 1120 °C specimen showed the most pronounced damage and the largest deformation zone. The wear mechanisms under dry sliding conditions encompass adhesive, abrasive, and fatigue wear. Deionized water involves adhesive wear, slight abrasive wear, and fatigue wear. In the case of NaCl solution, the predominant wear mechanisms consist of adhesive wear and corrosion wear, accompanied by slight abrasive wear and fatigue wear.