EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: ▸ Nursing costs have traditionally been measured as an average across many patients and many nursing services and interventions, hiding the actual costs of nursing care for each patient.▸ Improved micro-costing methods that measure individual nursing care time and costs for each patient are now possible using data from the electronic health record (EHR).▸ Application of patient-level micro-costing methods, using data from the EHR, can provide both improved costing accuracy as well as additional data for analysis about patients, nurses, nursing skill mix, and cost of nursing care by diagnosis (e.g., DRG), patient demographics, and patient outcomes.