OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the prematurity rate in infants of HIV-positive mothers and to characterize the incidence and severity of neonatal respiratory disease' in this population. STUDY DESIGN: From 1990 to 1994, 600 live-born infants of HIV-infected mothers were enrolled prenatally (73%) or postnatally (27%) from five U.S. centers. Logistic regression was used to determine the association of HIV status in the infant with prematurity (