OBJECTIVE:: To compare the effects of iliac autograft combined with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) versus iliac autograft alone in treatment of bone nonunion. METHODS:: A total of 40 patients suffered nonunion were involved in this study, including 24 male and 16 female, aged 19-56 years. They were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 20 cases in each group. Experimental group was treated with autologous iliac and BMP-2 implanted into the fracture; Control group was treated with autologous iliac alone implanted into the fracture. All patients were followed up for 11-20 months. RESULTS:: A total of 40 cases were included in the final analysis. The X-ray films showed all the nonunions were healed; The experimental group with a mean healing time of (10.0±3.0) weeks (ranged 8 to 16), and the control group with a mean healing time of (13.0±3.8) weeks (ranged 8 to 20), with significant differences between the two groups (t=2.26, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:: The iliac autograft combined with BMP-2 is superior to iliac autograft alone in treatment of nonunion. Autologous iliac combined with BMP-2 possess active bone induction properties. This method has the advantages of short fracture healing time, safe and reliable effects, so it is a perfect method to treat nonunion.Sun YP, Qiao GY, Wang YB, Liu YK, Ren HW, Pang LF, Tang ZQ. Comparison between iliac autograft combined with bone morphogenetic protein and iliac autograft for bone nonunion.Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu yu Linchuang Kangfu. 2009;13(33): 6465-6468. [http://http://www.crter.cn http://en.zglckf.com]