Examined the effects of hemodialysis type (staff controlled, in center vs patient controlled, home) and patient preference for behavioral involvement on adherence and emotional adjustment in 53 adult patients with end-stage renal disease. Measures included the Krantz Health Opinion Survey and the Beck Depression Inventory. Higher levels of preference for behavioral involvement were associated with better dietary adherence (i.e., lower serum potassium) for Ss receiving dialysis at home but worse dietary adherence for Ss receiving treatment in a dialysis center. A similar, though weaker, patient by treatment type matching pattern was observed for fluid-intake adherence (i.e., interdialytic weight gain). Self-reported depression did not seem to affect adherence.