BACKGROUND: The burden of gonorrhea infections in the United States is high. There are marked disparities by race/ethnicity and sexual orientation. We quantified the impact of screening and treatment on gonorrhea rates in the US population aged 15-39 years for the time period 2000 to 2015 and estimated the impact that alternative screening strategies might have had over the same time period. METHODS: We developed a national-level transmission model that divides the population by race/ethnicity, preferred sex of sex partners, age, sex, and sexual activity level. We compared our fitted model (‘base case’) to four alternative strategies: (i) no screening; (ii) full adherence to current screening guidelines; (iii) annual universal screening; or (iv) enhanced screening in groups with the highest infection burden. Main outcomes were incidence, infections averted, and incidence rate ratios by race/ethnicity. Mean values and 95% credible intervals (CrI) were calculated from 1000 draws from parameter posterior distributions. RESULTS: The calibrated model reproduced observed trends in gonorrhea, including disparities in infection burden by race/ethnicity. We estimated that screening for gonorrhea from 2000-2015 averted 30% (95% CrI: 18-44%) of total infections that would otherwise have occurred. All alternative active screening strategies were estimated to further reduce, but not eliminate, gonorrhea infections relative to the base case, with differential impacts on the subpopulations of interest. CONCLUSIONS: Our model results suggest that screening has reduced gonorrhea incidence in the US population. Additional reductions in infection burden may have been possible over this time period with increased screening, but elimination was unlikely.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.