(b Ventura, CA, June 10, 1920). American ethnomusicologist . She studied at Pomona College (1938–42) and the Eastman School of Music (1942–6), where she received the MMus (1943) and a performer’s certificate in piano (1945). She taught in the preparatory department at Eastman (1943–9) and at the University of Hawaii (1949–82), rising to associate professor (1953) and professor (1962). In 1955, while lecturing and giving solo and concerto performances as a pianist, she began to study traditional Hawaiian chant and learnt to play Asian instruments, such as the koto and the kayagŭm; in 1963 she went to Micronesia to survey the traditional music and dance. This experience enabled her to adapt her teaching to the ancestral backgrounds in the Pacific and Asia of her students and the Hawaiian people; her focus changed after she moved to Hawaii to include music and dance from these heritages. Her fieldwork has contributed to the growth of the ethnomusicology programme in Hawaii; rather than publish much of her research, she has preferred to apply it to that programme and to the development of other professional ethnomusicological organizations....