(Ivanovich) (b Moscow, March 19, 1858; d Moscow, May 3, 1924). Russian architect. After graduating from the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, Moscow, in 1874, he worked for a year as a draughtsman under Vladimir Shervud before studying in 1878–82 at the Academy of Arts, St Petersburg. Between 1882 and 1884 he completed his training in the studio of Charles Garnier in Rome, and also in France. From the late 1880s he was engaged on a variety of projects, principally in Moscow, including hospitals, institutes, administrative and educational establishments, commercial buildings, residential blocks, houses and factories. He also designed churches, burial vaults and almshouses. However, the building that brought him the title of academician of architecture—and widespread fame—is the Emperor Alexander III Museum of Fine Arts (1896–1912; now Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts), Moscow, which was founded by Professor I. V. Tsvetayev as the first museum of foreign sculpture and architecture in Russia. Basing his design on the neo-classical museum buildings of Schinkel and Leo von Klenze, Klein developed an efficient, functionally designed structure. It has an originally treated façade, with a spacious portico in a classical Greek style, the columns of which exactly reproduce those of the Erechtheum, Athens. There are two internal courtyards intended to admit light, one of them on a terrace pattern, incorporating a full-size copy of part of the Parthenon, the other Italian, modelled on the courtyard of the Palazzo Bargello (now Museo Nazionale del Bargello) in Florence, but with due regard to its utilitarian purpose. Noteworthy are the main staircase in multicoloured marble and the great hall. The public rooms are decorated in a variety of historical styles....