Most of the studies on consumer behavior and corporate social responsibility have focused on firms in developed countries. Consequently, a better insight into firms’ activities in developing countries is necessary because in these countries consumers may respond to corporate social responsibility in a different manner. This paper is developed to examine the effects of multinational corporations’ social responsibility on competitiveness in China, one of developing countries. Specifically, multinational corporations’ social responsibility is divided into four dimensions—economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic corporate social responsibility in this paper. In addition, this paper contained a review of two theories regarding multinational corporations’ social responsibility engagement. Furthermore, some representative cases of multinational corporations’ social responsibility engagement in China were selected and analyzed. Moreover, depending on the results of case analyses, this study illustrated that CSR activities contribute to increasing brand value, building company reputation, improving company performance, and developing better governmental relationship. Finally, this study provides implications for multinational corporations to enhance their competitiveness through operating CSR activities in China.