Purpose: Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a vision-threatening condition with a potentially poor visual prognosis. Many different treatment modalities are suggested but controversy remains regarding effectiveness of these treatments. The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis in addition to analyzing retrospective data atour own tertiary care center regarding effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in treatment of CRAO. Methods: The PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library are searched from the date of database inception to September2021 to conduct a review based on the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis), evaluatingthe role of HBOT in visual recovery of CRAO patients. In addition, a retrospective chart review of patients clinically diagnosedwith CRAO at our university-based hospital (University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA) from year 2011 to 2021was conducted. Results: After a review of 376 articles, three articles met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis, where a total of 207 patientsreceived HBOT versus 89 patients that did not receive any form of oxygen therapy. Analysis of these results demonstratethat HBOT in CRAO patients does not enhance the final visual outcome (p = 0.83). Similar conclusion was also drawn fromretrospective analysis of 48 patients (15 HBOT versus 33 controls) at our tertiary care center, where no visual benefit was observedin the HBOT group. Conclusions: HBOT does not appear to improve final visual outcome and concerns remain regarding adverse reactions suchas barotrauma and generalized seizures. Large, randomized studies are required for further understanding of the role ofHBOT in treatment of CRAO.