Filler is one of the most important additives for wood adhesives. The introduction of filler offers variousfunctions for wood adhesives, such as the increase of initial viscosity, the decrease of permeability, theimprovement of bonding strength, and the reduction of production cost. However, flour, a grain resource,is widely used as a filler that is added to polymers in the production of wood-based panels. As a result, alarge number of edible resources are wasted every year. Waste biomass that biomass residues are abandonedin nature are a promising filler that can be used to replace flour. The utilization of waste biomass asfiller for wood adhesives to prepare wood-based panels not only improves its mechanical strength, butalso reduces formaldehyde emissions. However, most waste biomass shows disappointing prepressingproperties. Advances in the use of waste biomass as an alternative filler for wood adhesives werereviewed. In addition, the current limitations and future prospects of waste biomass were discussed. Recycling waste biomass is a useful way to avoid the enormous amount of waste generated by differentindustries and control environmental pollution. It contributes to the practical development of circulareconomy.