This work synthesized spent primary batteries (SPBs)-based (SB) catalyst from the black mass (BM) of therespective SPBs of R and D companies and tested it in the complete oxidation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) to examine its effectiveness. In particular, benzene, toluene, and o-xylene (BTX) were chosenas representative VOCs. In addition, the physicochemical properties of the RSB and DSB catalystsprepared from the BMs in the SPBs of R and D companies, respectively, were characterized by ICP/OES,SEM/EDX, BET, XRD, TGA, O2-TPO, H2-TPR, and XPS analyses. Notably, the manganese-rich DSB catalysthad a higher activity compared to the RSB catalyst. Also, the dominant crystal phases of the RSB catalystwere of C, ZnMn2O4, Mn3O4, ZnO, and C2K2, and those of the DSB catalyst were of C and MnO2. In particular,the manganese oxide species significantly influenced the catalytic activity. Furthermore, the latticeoxygen mobility of the catalyst contributed to the VOCs complete oxidation. In effect, the BTXs were completelyoxidized at less than 380 and 360 C over the RSB and DSB catalysts, respectively, at a gas hourlyspace velocity of 50,000 h1.