The consumption of fuel oil containing sulfur compounds produces SOx, which inevitably leads to severeenvironmental pollution and even threatens human health. Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) has beenidentified as a promising pathway to produce clean fuel by virtue of its high efficiency and mild reactionconditions. In recent years, supported metal-based catalysts have attracted scientific research interestdue to the high activity and remarkable recyclability for ultra-deep ODS reactions. In this review, the latestresearch progress on the supported metal-based ODS catalysts is summarized. The reaction mechanismof the supported metal-based ODS catalysts is briefly discussed based on the different metalactive components. Notably, we focus on summarizing the design strategies of highly efficient supportedmetal-based ODS catalysts, with special emphasis on the creation of the concentrated microenvironmentof reactants around active sites, construction of highly effective catalytically active sites and improvementof recyclability. These improved strategies are also applicable to the development of the supportedmetal-based catalysts for other green catalytic reactions. In addition, the current issues and future developmenttrends of the supported metal-based ODS catalysts are pointed out.