Background: This study aims to examine changes in fraudulent claim counts and total reimbursements before and after enhancements incounterfeit claim controls and monitoring of provider claim patterns under the “Proactive self-audit pilot program of fraudulent claims.”Methods: This study used the claims data and hospital information (July 2021–February 2022) of the Health Insurance Review and AssessmentService. The data was collected from 1,129 hospitals assigned to the pilot program, selected from the providers who filed a claim forreimbursement for intravenous injections. Paired and independent t-tests, along with regression analysis, were utilized to analyze changingpatterns and factors influencing claim behaviors. Results: This program led to a reduction in the number of fraudulent claims and the total amount of reimbursements across all levels ofhospitals in the experimental groups (except for physicians below 40 years old). In the control group, general hospitals and hospitalsdemonstrated some significant decreases based on the duration since opening, while clinics showed significant reductions in specified subjects. Additionally, a notable increase was observed among male physicians over the age of 50 years. Overall, claims and reimbursements significantlydeclined after the intervention. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between hospital opening duration and claim numbers,suggesting longer-established hospitals were more likely to file claims. Conclusion: The results indicate that the pilot program successfully encouraged providers to autonomously minimize fraudulent claims. Therefore, it is advised to extend further support, including promotional activities, training, seminars, and continuous monitoring, to nonparticipatinghospitals to facilitate independent improvements in their claim practices.