Primary hyperparathyroidism can be caused by parathyroid adenomas, hyperplasia, or cancer. More than 80% of cases are attributable to benign parathyroid adenomas. Parathyroidectomy is commonly used to treat primary hyperparathyroidism. The hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland must be accurately identified and removed during the surgery. Conventionally, macroscopic identification, pathological diagnosis during surgery, and iPTH measurement have been used for intraoperative identification of the parathyroid glands. However, intraoperative parathyroid identification is difficult in cases of re-operation and in cases with small lesions. In addition, it is well known that rapid pathological diagnosis is inferior in terms of the diagnostic accuracy to pathological diagnosis, and the iPTH cannot be evaluated intraoperatively in all hospitals due to the limited number of medical facilities that have the equipment for rapid intraoperative measurement. In this study, we used a ready-made fluorescence detection system to improve the accuracy of intraoperative detection of parathyroid adenomas. It is a simple and non-invasive near-infrared light detection system and improves the accuracy of detection of adenomas by utilizing the fluorescence property of the parathyroid glands. Since the system was introduced at our department, we have performed parathyroidectomy in 7 cases and confirmed the fluorescence of adenomas during the operation, so that adenomas could be detected in all cases. In addition to conventional identification methods, the use of a near-infrared fluorescence observation camera system is expected to increase the safety and accuracy of parathyroidectomy.