In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant capacity of Papaver rhoeas extract and measured its anti-inflammatory activity against fine dust-induced inflammation. First, the antioxidant capacity was measured, and the EC50 of DPPH redical scavenging activity was 98.03 μg/mL, and the EC50 of ABTS redical scavenging activity was 104.71 mg/mL. Total phenoloic contents and total flavonoid contents were 34.66±0.12 mg gallic acid/g extract and 24.63±0.97 mg quercetin/g extract, respectively. Then, to determine the anti-inflammatory activity against fine dust inflammation, cell experiments were conducted using Raw 264.7. In the anti-inflammatory activity measurement, the cytotoxicity did not show cytotoxicity in the range of 12.5-100 μg/mL, and the 100 μg/mL treatment of P. rhoeas extract in the PM2.5 10 μg/mL condition showed an inhibition of NO production of 16.22±1.15%, PM10 (PAHs) 100 μg/mL condition of 54.77±2.29%, and PM10 (metal) 100 μg/mL condition of 47.38±2.90%. Based on the experimental results related to antioxidants and inflammation caused by fine dust, it was confirmed that P. rhoeas extract can inhibit the inflammatory response caused by fine dust, and based on this, it is thought that it is possible to develop ingredients to prevent inflammation caused by fine dust.