Wei Liaoweng was a famous Confucianist, educator, statesman and calligrapher in the Southern Song Dynasty of China. Wei Liaoweng is particularly good at seal script and running script, and has unique calligraphy theories that have been preserved in the world.Wei Liaoweng's calligraphy criticism and calligraphy theory mainly appeared in the form of inscriptions and postscripts, which were included in "Heshan preface and Postscripts". Most of the academic studies on Wei Liaoweng focus on his Neo-Confucian thought, Confucian classics thought, literary works and other fields, but did not pay enough attention to his calligraphy thought. However, his calligraphy theory also embodies the spiritual connotation of his Neo-Confucian thought, and can also be studied as an important part of his ideological system. First of all, Wei Liaoweng combined the thoughts of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan to construct a calligraphy theory with a Confucianism meaning, and his calligraphy thought showed the spiritual characteristics of advocating righteousness and reason. He highly respects the analysis of "Liushu Yili" and ancient and modern "calligraphy", and regards it as the root of calligraphy. Secondly, he paid attention to the regulating effect of the human heart on calligraphy, emphasized the necessity of personality cultivation, and reinterpreted the Confucian orthodox view of "calligraphy is like a person" on this basis. Thirdly, from the point of view that character is the quality of calligraphy, Wei Liaoweng also regarded calligraphy as a means of self-cultivation for scholar-officials, emphasizing the significance of inner physical and mental cultivation and sage image to calligraphy. Based on Wei Liaoweng's existing calligraphy theory literature, this article will examine his conception of calligraphy art, in order to conduct a more systematic induction, summary and analysis of his calligraphy thoughts.