In this study, we aimed to determine which medical conditions of the stroke patients admitted for rehabilitation more than four weeks after onset affect caregiver burden. Participants diagnosed with stroke and their respective primary caregivers were enrolled and assessed after an 8-week follow-up period. The areas of evaluation for stroke patients included neurologic state, cognition, performance in daily life movements, gait, and balance, and caregivers were evaluated in the area of burden. The evaluation was conducted at the start of the rehabilitation course and eight weeks later. Patient caregivers were found to be under mild to moderate burden while providing care throughout the hospitalization period. The patient's neurologic state and cognition were correlated with caregiver burden. In the all patient and the subacute stroke patient group, multiple regression analysis confirmed that the neurologic state and balance stability were factors that influenced caregiver burden. Hence, we suggest that improvement in the patient’s balance stability be emphasized during the course of rehabilitation to mitigate caregiver burden.