This study begins by interpreting the meaning of the circular heaven and rectangular earth, a time and space concept in East Asian tradition. The sexagenary cycle, invented in the ancient Shang Dynasty, became an essential tool for calculating time coordinates. Since ancient times, the development of the calendar system has not only informed the precise timing of sowing and harvesting required by agricultural societies but also provided the necessary baseline for human life. Everything in the universe leaves a trajectory of its existence in the framework of space and time corresponding to the four-dimensional world. Therefore, by understanding the principle of the circular heaven and rectangular earth, which is comparable to a priori knowledge handed down from the Neolithic period, it is possible to understand the four directions of the east, west, north, and south, which are the time and space coordinates. To identify ancient information, it is necessary to pay attention to the folktales passed down in the ancient societies where there were no letters, although excavating various relics from that era is a representative means. In the folktale, 10 suns, Fuso and Yakmok, Hyeonjo, Hehwa, and Tanggok appear, providing a five-way spatial framework. Because various fortune-telling techniques were popular at the time, the shell of the turtle or the shoulder bone of the animal served as a valuable resource that provided clues to the five directions. In addition to the combination of bottled water and holy water, the river, which explains the spatial structure of the five rooms, can elucidate the spatial arrangement structure of the five rooms as well as the iconographic principles of the circular heaven and rectangular earth.