This study aims to understand the consumer differences in dietary patterns of one-person households and to consider methods of enhancing consumer competency to increase dietary satisfaction by consumer type. We classified one-person households by consumer type based on dietary lifestyle and compared the differences in characteristics and satisfaction levels among the different types. We also tested the moderating effects of consumer competency on dietary life satisfaction levels in each type. Data were obtained on 570 one-person households from the 2016 Food Consumption Survey conducted by the Korea Rural Economic Institute. K-means cluster analysis and two-way analysis of variance were performed. Among the one-person households, there were four different types of dietary lifestyles: (1)the type that was passive and preferred small-packed foods(PS), (2)the type that was high- quality-oriented and health-oriented(HH), (3)the type that preferred eating-out, home meal replacement products, and lower-priced foods(HL), and (4)the type that was indifferent to the dietary life(ID). Differences in demographic characteristic, dietary characteristics, and dietary life satisfaction levels were statistically significant among the four consumer types. Households of the HH type had the highest nutritional intake and satisfaction levels. The ID type was the most vulnerable type with regard to eating habits, dietary satisfaction, and consumer competency. Also, we found that it was useful to focus on the PS and HL types in strengthening consumer competency to increase dietary satisfaction. The results of this study provide useful strategies for differentiated dietary improvement and enhancement of consumer competency to improve dietary life satisfaction, based on the understanding of dietary patterns and characteristics of one-person households.