The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the blood flow restriction (BFR) method and low-intensity resistance exercise on knee extension strength, balance, function, and osteoarthritis (OA) index in middle-aged women who had undergone osteochondral regeneration surgery for the treatment of OA. The participants were 22 middle-aged women aged 45-65 who had undergone osteochondral regeneration surgery for OA and were divided into a group that underwent the BFR method and low-intensity resistance exercise (BG, n = 11) and a control group (CG, n = 11). After performing the intervention twice a week for 8 weeks, maximum voluntary isometric contraction of knee extension strength, balance, function and OA index were assessed. The results of the study showed that all variables improved after the intervention in both groups and that BG was more effective in knee extension strength and function compared to CG. Therefore, it is recommended that middle-aged women who have undergone osteochondral regeneration surgery include the BFR method and low-intensity resistance exercise in their rehabilitation exercise programme, as they effectively improve knee extension strength, balance, function and OA index.