The purpose of this study was to investigate the ecosystem structure, organizations in the ecosystem (multiple actors), roles of different organizations (actors), and the relationships between organizations in an effort to comprehensively understand the current status of the robot industry ecosystem. To understand the robot industry ecosystem broadly, the research model of Tsujimoto et al. (2018) was applied in this study as an analytical framework to analyze the business ecosystem. Study findings identified hardware, application layer, and service layer within the business ecosystem. Outside the business ecosystem, governments, schools, research institutions, professionals, and firms acted as consortia, innovators, investors, and user communities. In addition, by applying the ecosystem system model of Jacobides et al. (2018) as an analytical framework, we analyzed the dynamic relationship between the roles of actors in the platform and found that suppliers were delivering parts and software to manufacturing firms, which served as central firms, and central firms sold their products to buyers within the supply chain structure. Outside the supply chain structure, embedded systems and service firms were complementors or competitors that supplied complementary goods to central firms and buyers. By understanding the current status of the robot industry ecosystem broadly, this study is expected to serve as a reference that organizations taking the lead in the robot ecosystem (e.g., Korean government) can use to prepare measures for steering this ecosystem in a direction for further growth.