With the continuous development of substation automation technology, some typical problems have been exposed in the construction and operation of smart substation based on IEC 61850 protocol, such as complex data model mapping, lack of model control means and low efficiency of engineering debugging. In view of the above problems, this paper studies the data architecture and data source of substation monitoring system, and proposes a method of data synchronization based on model, which effectively reduces the difficulty of operation and maintenance personnel debugging, and greatly improves the operation and maintenance efficiency of intelligent substation monitoring system.