Location awareness for a signal source based on satellite is one of a key technology to build an electromagnetic spectrum monitoring system based on satellite. It can realize large-scale, all-weather and long-time target position monitoring by using the high advantages of the satellite platform, which is of certain significance for the rapid and accurate positioning of interference sources and the position monitoring of aviation and marine targets. A location awareness method takes a low earth orbit satellite (LEO) as an awareness platform, combines the characteristics of Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) signal, estimates the direction of arrival and frequency of ADS- B signal source, and designs an extended Kalman filter algorithm to realize the location awareness of ADS- B signal source in the paper. The feasibility of the method is verified by STK and MATLAB simulation.