This paper introduces the current development of distributed machine learning, federated learning and big data platform, then proposes a virtual subsystem architecture of intelligent data platform based on algorithm model, data model, resource model and security model. At the same time, the technical details of resource model scheduling, the definition of security model, the construction principle of virtual subsystem are stated. In addition, this paper also introduces the practical application of the architecture from two aspects: subsystem construction and data processing flow.