The autonomous system is an extremely complex and multidisciplinary system, and the overall goal of this paper is to study safety testing methods for autonomous systems to enhance the robustness of autonomous systems. In order to realize an autonomous system with high reliability and robustness, this paper summarizes the security defect detection methods for autonomous systems from the two dimensions of static analysis and dynamic testing and expounds on the syntax-level, semantic, and system-level testing methods for autonomous systems.