The traditional electric carbon emission assessment model can no longer meet the increasingly complex and changeable needs of enterprises. Based on big data analysis and big data technology, a dynamic planning model suitable for electric carbon emission assessment system is constructed. Then, we describe in detail the construction and solution method of dynamic programming model of electric carbon emission assessment system based on particle swarm optimization algorithm. The model will comprehensively consider key factors through big data algorithms. Finally, we verify the effectiveness and practicality of the model through case studies and empirical analysis. The results show that the dynamic planning model of electric carbon emission assessment system based on particle swarm optimization algorithm can help enterprises predict demand more accurately, allocate reasonably, and improve performance and organizational efficiency. The application of this model can effectively improve the electric carbon emission assessment system efficiency and decision-making ability, thereby enhancing the competitiveness and sustainable development of enterprises.