In this paper, a temperature control algorithm based on parameter self-tuning is designed on the basis of traditional PID parameter control. The traditional PID algorithm is improved to solve the problems of difficult parameter adjustment, complex parameter setting and integral saturation, and to solve the problem of high precision temperature rise in the middle temperature range of various biological incubators. This work adopts PID control strategy and divides the algorithm design into several stage modules to realize multi-stage temperature control. Smith prediction is introduced to accelerate the stability, and parameter fitting schemes are designed for different types of bioincubators. The final validation results of this design are that the overshoot of various types of bioincubators is within 1°C, the steady-state error is less than 0.2°C, and the heating time is within 60 minutes to meet the heating requirements. This paper presents the implementation of the temperature control system of the bioincubator and the experimental verification of its related performance.