Explore Ultrasonic vibration assisted turning tool system for turning AISI 1045 by using Taguchi robust design method. In this experiment, to test analysis to compare the surface accuracy and to optimize the parameters of Ultrasonic vibration assisted turning by turning AISI 1045. Using Taguchi robust design method to know at frequency-20Khz, voltage-75v, cutting speed-150(m/min), feed rate-0.05(mm/rev) is optimal parameters for this experiment, and to explore the differences between optimal parameters when the presence of Ultrasonic vibration assisted turning for the surface roughness, which found in Surface roughness Ultrasonic vibration assisted machining is better than without Ultrasonic vibration assisted machining.