The measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol was initially proposed to mitigate the impact of detector side channels. However, this protocol still relies on the assumption of perfect state preparation, which is challenging to achieve in practical quantum key distribution (QKD) systems using realistic devices. In this study, we explore a novel four-state MDI-QKD protocol employing an uncharacterized source and leveraging advantage distillation technology. Our approach effectively addresses security vulnerabilities arising from both imperfections in state preparation and potential detection loopholes. Furthermore, the performance of our scheme is enhanced through the implementation of advantage distillation techniques.