This paper takes microprocessor as the control core and designs the overall scheme of household photovoltaic power generation system. According to the functional needs, the key components are selected, and the parameters are calculated. Furthermore, the auxiliary circuits including energy storage circuit, signal acquisition circuit, etc. are designed. Then, the design process of the software is given. After that, the block simulation is carried out by Proteus simulation software. The simulation results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.